Operating Systems



An operating system is a group of system programs that help a user like you & me to interact with the hardware(machine). An operating systems manages whole of the system by changing the users instructions in such a form that is easily understood by the hardware.

The major tasks of an OS can be stated as below:
1. OS manages the data(in the form of files or whatever) on your hard disk drives & in the Read/Write memory also.
2. OS helps the application programs to run.
3. OS helps to restrict user access to specific hardware & data files.
4. OS helps in running several programs simultaneously on a single machine with a single processor.
5. OS is the program that manages all your hardware & software working.


Examples of OS are : Windows 95, Windows 98, MS-DOS, PC-DOS, OS/2, CP/M, Windows NT, Windows 2000, GNULinux, Unix & many more.

An OS can be seen as a layer of programs in between the application programs & the hardware as shown below:


Talking about kernel, it is the lowest part of the OS(group of programs) that resides in the main memory & handles all your requests & instructions. It contains those parts of the OS that are required continuously & helps the other modules of the OS, if required to load in the main memory & then to deallocate them from the main memory.






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